Promoting Health Internationally Essay

Developing countries are beset with health crises to a greater extent than their more developed counterparts. The lack of resources and the presence of numerous demanding needs causes the insufficient allocation of such resources for the addressing of health issues. In other countries, there is simply no technology to produce the necessary cures for the bigger diseases besetting their populations. Whereas in more developed countries with greater storehouse of resources there is a greater capacity to address health problems, particularly with a more developed technological platform to work from. Not only this, but developing countries have a marked decline in addressing sanitation concerns thus making for environments more prone to diseases caused by bacteria, worms, and viruses.1 With more hygienic living conditions, this is not the observed case in developing countries. Thus, a combination of non-hygienic conditions and low access to healthcare creates atmospheres for developing nations making them more prone to experiencing severe health problems. The first concern regarding health problems in developing countries is the possibility of a disease to develop which is easily transmittable from person to person. The fear of infectious diseases, particularly the fear of such diseases causing a pandemic, has had significant impact on the manner in which the global community addresses global health problems. International agencies have come up with surveillance systems to enable member countries to report incidents of infectious diseases and to better equip non-affected nations against contamination.2 The mechanism of report requires member nations to define the nature and extent of infection of the disease. This is not particularly attractive to infected nations as the reporting of diseases would adversely affect the economy of the said country. With a fear of infection, foreign investors would lower their rates of importation. This would serve to lower the economic growth of the said country. Not only this, but tourists would be fearful of visiting said foreign country and income from such investments would also decline. The stigma against the affected country would translate to a decline in the status of their economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is in this regard that health issues of individual nations affect the global view on health. The slightest change in the ability of individual countries to provide basic resources or to contribute to the global economy would affect all other countries as a result of global interconnectedness. 3 The dependence of nations, one to the other, cannot sustain the devolution of production of goods in any one nation. Apart from moral responsibilities, this is the weightiest argument to a global perspective on health promotion. The global market favors the ensuring of wealthier nations that less affluent nations will be able to participate fully in the global trade of goods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is not considered in this model are non-infectious diseases plaguing the developing countries around the globe. There is little incentive for global agencies to address such problems since there is no showing that the same would affect citizens of foreign nations. Although the argument for providing aid for the same due to global trade considerations still stands, there is little to no initiative from private drug companies. The primary aim of such companies being profit, they are not drawn by the clamor for lower prices required in developing countries. Thus, the trend remains for drug companies to produce drugs and cures that will answer the needs of developed countries whom they can charge higher prices for the products and services they offer. Diseases plaguing impoverished nations such as malaria, AIDS, tuberculosis and the like are given little attention although they may present greater threats than hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This is an unfortunate as developed nations should take it upon themselves to promote health in developing nations as well. The international community would benefit to a greater extent with the improvement of all component nations. The nations in the international community should not only consider giving aid to developing nations when the diseases may spread into their own localities but even so when the diseases may be contained domestically. The interest then should not be for global regulation of domestic plagues but it should be for international interest in holistic global health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although drug companies refuse to focus on answering the needs of the major diseases in impoverished nations this is not to say that no organized action is being undertaken for the same. Certainly there are individuals and groups who recognize the importance of promoting health on a global scale. The World Health Organization, for example has collaborated with large pharmaceutical companies in order to bring drugs for the cure of prevalent diseases into levels of access for developing nations.4 The proposed plan is to decrease drug prices for developing nations, if the free delivery of the same is not probable, by increasing prices in affluent countries. Such a scheme would permit the subsidization of drugs by developed countries. There would thus be an equitable division of required resources in order to gain access of available cures in the market. There has also been an observed trend in scientific laboratories. Scientists capable of performing research investigating cures for diseases of poverty have shown greater inclination for the same. Funding may be an issue in the matter however, more and more charities are focusing on the aim of global health and even domestic governments are supporting the bid for finding cures for large health issues. Not only this, but movements have been made to have pharmaceutical companies share the process of production if the matter of marketing drugs at a no-profit price is not possible. Local governments or corporations could then work on producing their own drugs using the process and information shared by foreign corporations. These matters are currently being pushed by advocates worldwide. However, the international community still has much ground to cover. The problem of international health is still a major issue receiving small priority in the global scale. The problem of politicking and bureaucracy hinders advances that could be made in this field. Thus, in order to more aptly answer the problem, local policies should first be reshaped and made to realize the importance of health in the governmental platform. Furthermore, local governments should not limit themselves to addressing only their own separate needs. Garrett aptly captures the issue: Tactically, all aspects of prevention and treatment should be part of an integrated effort, drawing from countries’ finite pools of health talent to tackle all monsters at once, rather than dueling separately with individual dragons. 5 Given limited resources, in the international sense as well as in the domestic, the pooling of these same resources is the best solution to the problem of both global and local health. The vision of individual nations should be enhanced to not only address their own problems but they should start to realize the relevance in investing in a global perspective in answering health issues. Certainly, with a view of the same, advances will be made not only for short term goals of fending off singular diseases in certain nations but more so the long term goal of eradicating debilitating diseases that could potentially reappear in similar conditions or in evolved forms. The answer then is to prepare internationally for the problem of global health as the strengthening of individual platforms in individual nations will address the root issue of recurring conditions. This will serve not only to strengthen the global health system but even other sectors of concern such as trade and global relations as more and more countries invest in programs reflecting amity and gratuity. BIBILIOGRAPHY Check, Erika,â€Å"Quest for the Cure,† Foreign Policy, (2006): 28-36. Garrett, Laurie, â€Å"The Challenge of Global Health,† Foreign Affairs 86(1), (2007): 14-38. Naim, Moises and Brundtland, Gro Harlem, â€Å"The FP Interview: The Global War for Public Health,† Foreign Policy 128, (2002): 24-36. Osterholm, Michael T., â€Å"Unprepared for a Pandemic,† Foreign Affairs 86(2), (2007): 47-57. Zacher, Mark W., â€Å"Global Epidemiological Surveillance,† in Inge Kaw, Isabelle Grunberg, and Marc A. Stern, â€Å"Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century (eds.),† (1999), NY: UNAP.

Main Trends in Births and Deaths in the United Kingdom Essay

The birth rate of a country refers to the number of live births per thousand of the population per year. The general trend for the UK is that there has been a decline in the birth rate since 1900 however there have been fluctuations in the rate due e.g. After World War 1 & 2 and in the 1960s. Sociologists believe this is because of four major factors: changes in gender roles, falling infant mortality, children being seen as an economic burden and our society becoming more child centred. A main part of the decline can be explained in terms of women simply choosing to have fewer children. As the position of women in society has changed overtime, they have chosen to delay childbearing and to limit the number of children they are having because of several factors. Women now have equality with men because of the Equality Act 2010 as well as receiving increased educational and employment opportunities. Other ways in which women’s position has changed is that there is now easier access to divorce, contraception and abortion meaning that they can avoid unwanted pregnancy so have full choice over when they have a child. Beck and Back-Gernsheim(1995) said that the changes in the birth and fertility rate are due to individualisation meaning that people have more choice to follow their own norms and values as well as making their own decisions, rather the following what society deems acceptable. Also the falling infant mortality rate (number of children dying before their first birthday per thousand of live births) has fallen dramatically as a result of factors such as better living standards, improved hygiene and sanitation, improvements to healthcare and the developments made to the welfare state. Geographers explain that these circumstances lead to a demographic revolution in which birth and fertility fall because women no longer feel they need to have a large number of childre n to protect against the risk of infant mortality. It is clear that the attitudes towards children have changed and society in general has become more child-centred, meaning that we are now more concerned about the welfare of children than in the past. The social norms about childcare have changed significantly and the time and costs involved in raising children have significantly increased, therefore making a large family economically unattractive. In the early 19th century children were often seen as an economic asset because they were able to work and contribute towards the family income at a relatively young age however nowadays legislation has  banned children from working and has also increased the time that children have to stay in education for..Because of this, children are financially dependent on their parents for longer so are seen more as an economic burden rather than an asset. As well as this, due to the improvement of the welfare provision for the elderly, parents no longer need to worry as much about having large a mounts of children to look after them once they are elderly. Since people are now having fewer children, the dependency ratio, along with the birth rate has decreased meaning that there are fewer dependents within the population leading to less childcare and school services needed. Although there has been a decline in the birth rate, the amount of deaths occurring in the UK remains steady and the death rate is decreasing because of the growing population since 1900. The death rate refers to the number of people dying per thousand of the population per year. The average life expectancy is now around 78 years for men and 82 years for women whereas in 1900 it was 45 years for men and 48 for women. This tells us that people are staying healthier for longer and this is because of a number of factors including: improved nutrition and living standards, developments in medicine and improved government provisions of welfare and health. It has been said that over half the decline is the death rate is due to the decrease of infectious diseases and McKeow n(1972) argues that most of the fall in the death rate took place before immunisation and was based mainly on good nutrition and hygiene. Studies by Rowntree and others (1899, 1950) found a rapid decline in absolute poverty meaning that people have better living standards which have allowed significant improvements to diet that help increase resistance to some infectious diseases Medical knowledge has improved dramatically since 1900 because of the establishment of the NHS in 1949 as well as a better knowledge of antibiotics, surgery, treatment and immunisation which have helped decrease the death rate. The government also continues to make provisions for those who need it e.g. EMA, careers allowance, working class credits which allow people to have a better quality of life. After the Beveridge Report of 1944, the range of welfare provisions available has expanded and become more universally available. It provided protection against risk factors such as old age through pensions, and low income through housing benefits, unemployment benefit and the benefit now called income support. There are many of other factors involved in the  decrease of the death rate including that there are a lot less dangerous occupations available to people e.g. mining and factory working as well as having higher incomes meaning that people are able to afford better foods and medicines which contribute to the health and wellbeing of individuals. It is evident that even as the population of the UK increases, the death rate and birth rate are both decreasing. These are both because of a number of factors however the most important for both seem to be the improvement of medical knowledge and practices which stop people from becoming ill and include important things such as medicines, contraception and support services for those who become pregnant or suffer with diseases.

Voices from the Foot of the Cross

This servant girl comes up to me â€Å"You also were with Jesus of Galilee,† she says That must be when I first began to lose it I didn't stop to think then I Just fired back, I said l don't know what you're talking about,† All the same I moved back a bit, but they were onto me muttering away – I could see they didn't believe me it was like they were calling me a liar because this other girl she shouts out so that everyone can hear â€Å"This fellow was with Jesus of Nazareth. † I said â€Å"l don't know the man! † I might have sworn a bit as well to make them believe me why did they not believe me? – I don't look like a liar After a bit they all started and I knew I'd said too much because they said â€Å"Surely you are one of them, your accent gives you away. † I almost completely lost it then, but I was too furious to notice I must have said every word under the sun to convince them â€Å"l don't know the man! † Then, immediat ely after I'd said it, a rooster crowed. Then I knew I'd lost it. Jesus, what happens next? O always seemed to know what would happen next I thought when they flogged you, that would be the end how many men, strong men at that, can survive a Roman flogging? I thought that would be the end you, whipped to death. Vive seen your back, from a distance Vive seen what those Jagged bones in the whip did to your back eating away at you tearing the muscle from your bonesThese Romans are animals lust Survived for what, because now it's worse what could be worse than a Roman flogging – only a Roman cross These Romans are animals Do you know about me? Do you know you were right all along ? About me deserting you, about me denying you I am Simon – Vive lost Peter Vive lost it Vive lost the person I was with you and now I'm losing you. 3. Jesus is mocked by the soldiers Met 27. 7-31 Monologue: a soldier I'm one of those soldiers I had the afternoon off so I came along I'll keep my n ame to myself I wish I hadn't come not now that I can see him I mean, by the time we got our hands on him this morning here wasn't much left of him there never is much left after a flogging and he was a trouble maker †¦ So they said the same as all those neuters from Galilee all the hotheads come from there, causing trouble, disturbing the people, like these people need much to get them going especially this week It's one of their festivals Passover they call it And we're all on edge in the garrison because things get a bit crazy at Passover it's all something about them being set free from slavery I don't know – sometime way back in the past something about Egypt – but it's important to them they all ago bit crazyAnd so all the lads are on edge we're on the look out for them the neuters – any rabble raisers hit the leaders hard – that shuts the rest up all the lads had got a bit crazy They started it, the others, not me I wasn't going to Join in but once everyone was at him I couldn't be left out that's asking for trouble and anyway troublemakers get what's coming to them he knew what he was doing last week when he rode that donkey into town he knew what was coming to him text book example bloke rides in on a donkey people wave palm branches they go nuts and say the king has arrived and there's trouble for everyone then e don't need another of their ‘kings' it's Just he didn't look like trouble and even less so when they had dressed him up as a king someone got this scarlet robe I mean there's no harm in having a laugh and he was asking for it anyway they put this scarlet robe on him and this crown of thorns – now that was nasty – those thorns are sharp the bloke who put it on his head reckons he came off worse all his hands were spiked and bleeding he's a vicious one – he rammed it down on the prisoner's head no, that was nasty I didn't start the nasty stuff but the nastier it got the more he looked at us not angry just sad I wish he'd been angry I wish he'd cursed us but he Just looked at us, sad and frightened I wish I hadn't done it I wish I could start today again but it was either that or set him free I had to do something – so I took the stick I snatched the stick the one they gave him as a staff to go with the crown he wouldn't stop looking at me I had no choice it was too late by then the others had filled me with – like with this poison it was hit him or free him I couldn't have done anything else it was like a madness blow after blow all about his head and there wasn't much of him in the first placeJesus, I can't look at you now even though they've now done worse to you but I can't stop looking at you because you're looking at them now like you looked at me no revenge no hatred just sadness sadness not sadness for yourself, but for them and sadness for me as if I'm the one who deserves pity like I'm the one in real trouble 4. Jesus crucified Met 27. 32- 37 Monologue: John adapted from Stages on the Way WAR IANA Community peg 1 50 I am John. But I am ashamed to say I have been keeping my distance today. Things will get a bit too hot for me if I am seen by the Romans. Jesus kept on telling us, the other disciples ND myself about him suffering and dying. I did listen but I Just never thought it would happen and then when it started, it all happened so quickly. I cannot remember what I was doing or feeling, it is all a blur.I wanted to do one last thing for him but when I was needed I was not there. I would have carried his cross all the way to Goliath if that would have spared him any pain but I was hiding, at the back of the crowd. Instead they got a total stranger to do it: Simon from Serene. He said he would not have been in Jerusalem today if it had not been for business. The Romans Just ribbed him, a complete stranger, out the crowd and made him carry Jesus' cross. He reckoned they asked him because his color makes him stand out and what can a black man say in a crowd of white people? So he carried the cross all the way here. Hadn't got a clue why or what was going on.He watched with me for a while and he couldn't understand. He kept on asking me: What was it all about? Why were they doing this to Jesus? What had he done to merit such degrading cruelty? What sort of crime deserves the cross? I did not have any answers for him. We watched together in silence as they nailed Jesus to the cross. We flinched each time the hammer fell, driving the nails deeper and deeper into Jesus' hands with each strike. I willed the hammer to miss but it hit home every time, twisting and tearing his hands, hands that had brought so much care to others. Simon from Serene kept on asking me â€Å"What could he have done to deserve this? † Once again I had no answer for him.After they had nailed him to the cross, hands and feet, they lifted it up high. Some people actually cheered. Can you believe it? They cheered! The cros s thumped into place and I saw the agony on his face. Simon and I watched speechless. We were strangers to each other, I had known Jesus for ages and Simon had only Just met him but we were both dumb struck with the horror of it all. Now I stand here watching you slowly die Jesus, I remember you told us you would suffer and die. I didn't take it in then and I don't understand it now. I want to do something to help you; anything and watch helpless. The last person to help you was a complete stranger. Jesus, I so want to help you, but I can't. 5.Jesus is mocked again Met 27. 38-44 Monologue: The anonymous woman who anointed Jesus I'm here and trying to think what to do for him. Something always occurs to me. I'm never normally at a loss for what to do. Don't bother with my name – you'll only forget it everyone else does. Vive always got something to say for myself – I have to It's the only way anyone would ever notice me. All those blokes who used to hang round, lording it over us, because they were his elite, his disciples – they were always noticed, we all know their names I Just don't notice them now – they've all run off into hiding. Well there's the advantage of being unremarkable no one notices me here now.Me, in a crowd of fools but I am not part of it. They pour out their cruel words, their cheap insults, they let all their scorn run over him – but I'll have no part in that. I have no words and I can do nothing. Standing here looking at Jesus I am speechless just like the last time I saw him only a few days ago. I was in the house of Simon the Leper and he was there too and now I think of it he looked sad then he looked like a man with a lot on his mind, like he was carrying a great weight†¦ I don't know what came over me- I really don't I Just knew what I had to do It felt like the most obvious thing, but I couldn't have explained why. I had this Jar of perfume, not any old perfume,

Professional Values for the BSN Student Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Values for the BSN Student - Essay Example The empathetic attitude and understanding of cross cultural values greatly facilitate in overcoming the language barriers. I therefore, strive to understand my patient’s cultural paradigms and learn to communicate in a manner that would promote mutual trust. According to Raz (1986), personal autonomy means that the person ‘holds the free choice of goals and relations as an essential ingredient of individual well-being’. Autonomy empowers a person with informed choices instilling self confidence in one’s ability to make independent decisions about themselves and their welfare. Hence, an empowered nurse has more options and freedom to transform those choices into concrete action plans for the betterment of self and the patients at large. I am person who is highly motivated towards social issues which need to be reformed to suit the demands of the changing times. I firmly believe that each person, must be empowered so that they are better equipped to make independent choices. Carter says that one should be ‘acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost’ (1996). I therefore, like to work with the proactive participation of the patients and if required, involve patient’s family in the rehabilitation process. Human dignity broadly recognizes that ‘inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world’ (EU charter). Nurses make sure that caring for human beings, cuts across class divide, status, race and culture. The core of nursing involves dedicated and ethically delivered care to the medically sick persons. I personally believe that the nursing professional helps to understand human relations at the critical juncture of human vulnerability. For me my patients are just human beings who need to be cared for. Through personal care, compassion and positive attitude, I try to facilitate their recovery by instilling optimism and

Nuisance Case Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nuisance Case Law - Essay Example Winfield and Jolowize define private nuisance as an 'unlawful interference with a person's use or enjoyment of land, or some right over, or in connection, with it'. Lord Lloyd in Hunter v Canary Wharf1 stated that private nuisances are of three kinds. They are (1) nuisance by encroachment on a neighbour's land; (2) nuisance by direct physical injury to a neighbour's land; and (3) nuisance by interference with a neighbour's quiet enjoyment of his land. In Malone v Laskey 2 it was held that only a person who has a proprietary interest in the land affected by the nuisance can sue, for example, owner or reversioner, or be in exclusive possession or occupation of it as tenant or under a licence to occupy. Any person who creates the nuisance can be sued, whether or not that person is the occupier of the land at the time of the action. Public nuisance, in contrast, is both a crime and trot. It is defined by Romer L.J in Attorney-General v P.Y.A. Quarries Ltd 3 'any nuisance is "public" which materially affects the reasonable comfort and convenience of life of a class of Her Majesty's Subjects." However, now it needs to discuss about Statutory Nuisance. ... The first method is to require certain trades (referred to as 'offensive trades, and described in Acts of Parliament or local by laws) to be licensed in advance by the local authority. S.107 (1) of the Public Health Act 1936 provides a list of such trades (e.g. fat-extractor, fat -glue maker, shop- or tallow- or tripe-boiler), all of which are likely to cause obnoxious fumes or smells, while other provision of the Act (as well as Local Government Act, s.235) enable local authorities to extend the scope of the legislation to other treads or business, subject to confirmation by the Secretary of State. The second method is to describe certain unacceptable states of affairs as statutory nuisances and to provide summary remedies for them. For instance, section 92 (1) of the Public Health Act 1936 described certain matters as 'statutory nuisances, if they were nuisances at common law, or were 'prejudicial to health' (described by s. 343(1) as 'injurious or likely to cause injury to health'). Run down or defective premises, whether an actionable nuisance or not, may come under statutory nuisance prejudicial to health; and the same qualification may apply to the keeping of animals and to accumulations or deposits, such as manure or refuse. The Clean Air Act 1956, section 16, also provided the emission of smoke might, in certain circumstance, be treated as a statutory nuisance for the purposes of the Public health Act 1936. The Environmental Protection Act 1990 was passed to consolidate much of this material and the current matters which amount to a statutory nuisance are to be found in section 79. Where a statutory nuisance has been committed, it will be usual for the local authority to serve abatement notice, which, if not complied with,

No child left behind Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No child left behind Act - Essay Example The standardization test scores introduced through the act help teachers recognize learners who do not meet the set goal in time. They are then secluded from the rest and accorded special care. Their progress is then monitored to ascertain the best support for each one of them. Through this initiative the test scores of both the disadvantaged and the typical learners have steadily improved since 2002 (Tavakolian & Howell, 2012). The law has also helped reduce the gap between the minority and the majority white students (Nea, 2014). Through the act, the resources are shared equally. The act has also brought about accountability in both the schools and the teachers. The yearly tests that are conducted by the schools and the results presented to the government (Tavakolian & Howell, 2012). In conclusion, the no child left behind act of 2001 has attained significant success. It has ensured that the American education system is inclusive, and the results are transparent. This clearly demonstrates that the act has been successful for a limited time it has been

International perspective on childhood and childrens health Essay - 1

International perspective on childhood and childrens health - Essay Example This concept in education system is involved with the child’s rights to education and good living standards (Tony & Mel 1998). These rights encompass their social life, civil liberty and education. It also aims at taking off the notion or establishment of special schools that cater for students with specials needs or disabilities. Therefore, inclusion is a proponent policy that ensures that students with special needs spend a great deal of their time with the rest of the students in the school or education setting. However, this practice varies from place to place as the extent of the special needs at times dictate the extent to which the policy is adopted. Inclusion is taken to be different for mainstreaming and integration (Norwich 2008). These latter concepts concentrate more on the disability aspect of the student’s needs and the way the student should be ready to be adopted in the mainstream leaning facilities. In inclusion the schools have the obligation to incorp orate these students as well as take into consideration their rights to education, social wellbeing and civil liberty. In these schools the curriculum is a general one i.e. not specific to special needs students or the others but rather the content is summative and they learn it together (Margret & Kas 2000). In this system the students achieve equal benefits from education irrespective of the nature of their problems. Education institutions are also obligated to have their facilities in accommodating condition in that all students regardless of their challenges, they are able to derive satisfaction from them. The schools as well as the education policy formulators are required to come up with a curriculum that is all inclusive in the sense that the content in not at all discriminative and the students can learn together. The curriculum developed should put in consideration that students are from different cultural

Hamza Yusuf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hamza Yusuf - Essay Example He schooled in California and the East Coast. Hamza spent the summer of his 12th year in Greece where he learnt the catechism within the advanced Christian studies. After returning from Greece, Hamza went to an experimental school in Marin County. He attended high school in the East Coast. In high school, Hamza started concentrating on God and religion. He came to the realisation that his Christianity was because his parents were Christians.1 In 1977, he was converted to a Christian. He believed that most people in the West failed in their realisation of oppression in Muslim states because of culture. He opted to live as a Muslim in the West than living in other Muslim countries. He believed that Muslims live well in the West. Thereafter, in 1996, he and his colleagues founded Zaytuna Institute. This prepared for the revival of traditional study methods and Islamic sciences. Yusuf took a stance against religious justifications for the terrorist attacks. Hamza has been an outspoken an d passionate critic of the foreign policy in America and an extremist for the responses towards the policies. He has managed to draw criticism for Muslim extremists in the East and West. His writings played a crucial part in his abandoning of extremism. Pre-9/11 Radical Before the bombing in September 11, Hamza had expressed some radical Islamist sentiments on various occasions. He praised the idea of Muslims being the threat to society. He argued that the threat was geared towards fighting against the inhumanity and injustice in the society. He argued that they were not to fight against the jihad. He depicted the American culture as spreading the diseases such as AIDS and cancer. In 1995, Hamza rallied against Judaism. They believed that God became biased in calling Jews in Mt. Sinai and that the rest of the people in the world are rubbish. He condemned the Jewish religion and regarded it as a racist one. He criticised Christians for associating themselves with Jews, yet they rejec ted God and crucified Him.2 In 1996, Hamza described US as a country with so little to be proud of, both in the present and past. He compared his reverence for Islam with the democracy in America. In his comparison, he said that he was an American citizen by birth and not by choice, and he resides in the country, not by choice but by the conviction of spreading Islamic messages in America. He argued that he became a Muslim since he never believed in false gods of the society. He believed that convention resolutions were meaningless Masonic exercises used by men to ensure that nothing changes. From Jamil al-Amin to George Bush In 2001, Hamza talked of fundraising for the legal defence of Jamil al-Amin in Irvine. He combined the praise for al-Amin with the harsh attacks on the United States. He portrayed US as a country plagued with anti-Muslim conspiracies. He praised the courage of al-Amin and condemned the acts of the government that aimed at silencing him. He also claimed of unjus t trial and life sentencing of Omar Abdel-Rahman, after he conspired to kill the former President of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak, as well as plotting to bomb the Holland and Lincoln tunnels. He criticised US for institutionalised racism. He hinted on a catastrophe hitting US, and true to his words, the 9/11 terrorist attack happened. His tone dramatically shifted where he denounced jihadists by warning Muslims not to emulate them. He condemned the act saying that it was pure murder and not holy war. Closet Radical or Newborn Moderate: Hamza’

Trolley problem and Utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Trolley problem and Utilitarianism - Essay Example If consequences are all that matter then the Trolley Problem won’t matter much to a utilitarian, but, few would argue that it raises some serious difficulties with the said moral philosophy. 2) The Trolley Problem presents a utilitarian with a predicament. A train is coming; its current course is going to kill four hapless workers. You, the utilitarian, have the power to flick a switch that will save the four men, but you will as a result kill some other worker as the train will be diverted to his track. Most utilitarian thinkers would not have a problem with doing this. One life is worth sacrificing for four; the end justifies the means-consequences are all that matter, after all. But, if there wasn’t a switch, and instead a very large man, large enough to stop the train, was standing over a bridge in front of the workers, would you be prepared to push him in front of the train to save the four of them? If consequences are all that matter, then this is exactly what the utilitarian would have to do: commit murder. 3) John Stuart Mill’s utilitarianism posits that the right action is that action which generates or leads to the most utility or happiness (utilitarianism.com). He begins though by stating that whatever action that is proved to be good, must be proved to be good by its ability to achieve something that is good in itself (utilitarianism.com). ... He argues that human rights are protected through a judicial system only as a means of securing happiness (utilitarianism.com). Happiness is the primary pursuit of man, and the principle of utility is, by definition, the most direct path to it. To Mills the utility principle is a natural social sentiment between humans and that human society would bond and benefit greatly from embedding utilitarianism into it foundations (utilitarianism.com). The responsibility of an individual in this kind of society is to make as much utility for as many people as possible even if that means sacrificing or endangering themselves for the good of others (utilitarianism.com). Any one person is not allowed to value his happiness over the happiness of others. 4) There are several difficulties with utilitarianism. Most importantly, it places too much emphasis on the consequences of actions. If we were to make all of our decisions based on our expected outcomes of events, how are we to feel about those de cisions if we are so often wrong in our predictions? This point is intended to raise doubt; simple doubt in the primary means of divining decision-making for the utilitarian. Furthermore, the Trolley Problem would make even the most hard-nosed kind of utilitarian reconsider their position, because it takes their principle of utility to a point where it condones murder. Most people would have serious trouble pushing a large man to his death to stop a train from killing four other people. What this says is that humans have some other moral codes or ideas about common decency that is disagreeable to strict utilitarianism. So thinking only in consequences might not be the answer for every occasion; we have to temper the principle with other ethics. There is another weakness

Dystopian Fiction Essay Example for Free

Dystopian Fiction Essay Dystopian fiction is a world where everything is misery and is under strict order by the government and the people have no control and rights in the world they live in. The general reason why authors write dystopian fiction based books is to have criticism on society today or give warnings on the possibility of what could happen to our world and the devastating effects that can happen if we were to have a dystopian world. 1984 is set in a totalitarian society and this book gives us a message that too much government is a bad thing people should be able to have the right and should not be influenced under a totalitarian society. Harrison Bergeron is set in a world where everyone is equal and are handicapped to make sure everyone is equal and nobody can be different the book makes criticism of social engineering allowing stupidity. The calorie man is set in New Orleans and a smuggler Lalji as he tries to bring back fertility in crops and stop genetic manufacturing of food sources and crop and stop the business making the profit. All of these book of us strong warnings of the possibility’s that our world could sir come to, if we don’t treat things with serious care the some mistakes made in the past could be made in the future, and that the world should not be shaped to only be benefited by a single man or company This book is all a totalitarian society. The author of the book is George Orwell, published in 1949, which back then made this books time zone was about the future. This is a story were the world is all controlled by 1 party. This party sets a lot of demands that the society has to follow day by day or they will be punished. The whole society is being watched through electrical devises, whom some are not aware of where they are located. In this story, there is a guy named Winston who is a part of the party whom is making all the rules and restriction for the society to follow. All of a sudden Winston does not want to be a part of the party and starts to give warning to people that there is too much government control and starts to warn people about the danger of living in a totalitarian society. The warnings from this story talk about how the government in the real world are in control of all of us and the fear is that one day they will take privilege of the power and start to make strict restriction just like how the party did in the book. In the book Harrison Bergeron tells a completely different version to 1984 instead of a world of a totalitarianism society it  is in a world where they make everyone equal and compared to the normal world where if you are different to the normal way we live you are silenced, but everyone is given handicaps in order to be equal. His parents one who is handicapped because of his intelligence are watching and he is on TV trying to inspire a revolution against handicapping the gifted, he is then latter shot on TV but his parents are to handicapped to of noticed what had happened. Anyone who has. This has warnings of socials engineering, society being dumbed down in order to be equal and warning about being difference being seen as a bad thing. The calorie man is set in the future were resources have dried up and scientist a genetically making food in the New Orleans, The author Paolo Bicigalupi and warns us of the effects that can happen of corporations having control over food sources and genetic engineering and the corporate control This book offers us warnings against failing to act on climate change, the risk of corporations dominating public life, and the risks of using genetic engineering to solve food problems, the possibility of terminator seeds becoming a reality. That could happen, He wants to give us a warning of intrusting too much to science and not doing anything to save and fix the environmental issues we face today. Story is about Lalji a smuggler who agrees to take a job ferrying a geneticist out of the calorie company’s lands and bringing him to New Orleans. It’s discovered that he has the ability to reintroduce fertility into crops again to break the control of the calorie companies. The purpose of dystopian fiction is to give us warnings and tell us the possibility’s to what could happen under a totalitarian society and it tells us that we should have our own rights and everybody should be equal, The point of 1984 was to tell us the consequences of what happens in a dystopian world and under totalitarian society and government.

Benefits and disadvantages of branding

Benefits and disadvantages of branding In this article, I am going to introduce what is branding? Why does branding? and analyze both the advantage and disadvantage of branding. In addition, I will use some examples to support my critical viewpoint. First part, it introduces about what is brand, branding is a thing combine with our regular life, and how to recognize it. Second part, it elaborates some examples to support the analysis of the advantage of branding. The advantages can be explored from both company side and customer side. Third part, it will talking about the disadvantage, so I using some reference to support disadvantage. A definition for a brand has been shown in the Journal of Marketing Management by Professor Peter Doyle of Warwick University: A name, symbol, design, or some combination which identifies the product of a particular organization as having a substantial, differentiated advantage (OMally,1991,p. 107). Besides, company use branding as a tool to engage the customers buying their goods, also doing some promoting value, making some branding image, or attach consumers lifestyle (Rooney, 1995). On the other hand, customer use branding as a advantage to receive the benefits from the brands. As Ronny (1995) said that branding is a technique to build a sustainable, differential advantage by playing on the nature of human beings. Brand offer service to customer through advertising, promotion, and some e-media. Therefore, organizations use these tools as a media to attract consumers doing some economic and business active in the trade market. Advantage: Both branding and no branding have two-sides effect, the essential problem is how it has been done. For example, branding could help the brand promote their brand images in the trade market, also could earn some brand loyalty and increasing some brand value. On the other hand, no brand could has lower production cost, lower marketing cost, and lower legal cost than branding. After the organization entering the trade market, using the branding to communicate with their customer, they could receive benefit from branding. Such as reputable brand name, possible brand loyalty, brand value, maximum marketing efficiency, and even reduction of advertising costs (Onkvisit and Shaw, 2001). Branding name is a thing, a tool which companies use in the trade market. They admit that brand name may not set up or break down the organization but it would be a key point in their success or failure (Ronny, 1995). Normally, the organization use their brand name as part of their product even selling point, for example: Coke Cola, they use their brand name as the selling point, sales their products. Coke Cola is a famous brand around the world, moreover, in Chinese the Cola means could be fun, so that in Chinese culture the brand name plays a way in the trade market. It is easy for general public to think Microsoft, Apple, Asus and Acer as examples of famous brand. Actually, in marketing, brand has wider meanings rather than merely a name of a product. In the other hand, the simplest example to says is that a chocolate is a kind of food originally, however, if a company gives chocolate a name as Godiva, it becomes a branding name, therefore, the brand values comes appear, too. Moreover, according to Millward Brown Optimor website(2010) statistic, that technology industries brand value top 5 are Google($114260million), IBM($86383million), Apple($83153million), Microsoft($76344million), and HP($39717million), moreover, their brand value has changed about 14%(Google), 30%(IBM), 32%(Apple), 0%(Microsoft), and 48%(HP). Originally, those names consist of ordinary alphabet letters. But due to the branding activity in which the owners put great resource, those names, in itself, obtain marvelous values Generally, branding is not only a product that selling from business to customers , however, at the top of trade market, brand could be a product that selling and purchasing between business to business. Normally, small companies may merger other brand value and asset. The most famous example is that Lenovo merged IBMs PC department, after the merger, Lenovo has become the third top of pc manufacturers. Also their brand value has increased a lot. Another case in this point is Cisco. Cisco internet company in 20th century, through the acquisition over hundreds of time, their products manufactured by a simple router extended their product line from simple router to 25 kinds of network equipment. Each product has been ranked first or second in its industry. Brand loyalty is one of the advantage, too. Normally, we use return customer rates as away to test brand loyalty. For example, according to Ishii (2008) said that we could traced a customers purchased records, if we would found that they had bought some products from same company more than three times, then we could think this is a loyalty customer. But, in higher price product, for example, car, laptop, and house so on, we couldnt expect that customer would do repeat purchase very often. So, we might use brand image to be a method to test the brand loyalty. the competitive strength of an international brand is that it tends to be associated with status and prestige, while providing convenient identification for international travelers (Onkvisit and Shaw, 2001). Disadvantage: Obviously, branding, of cause, not only has advantages, but also disadvantages. In analysis above, the benefit for small company to merge a big company with famous brand is obvious. But it always is combined with high risk. Concentrating on economic benefit, market share and production capability, companies involved in merger and acquisition usually ignored divergence between different corporate cultures. Also, the new business line may not be appropriately melt into of their existing products categories. Whats worse, even the enterprise are constrained with limited financial resource to handle the merger and the following painful adjustment, which could be fatal to both companies in that merge case. The most well-known example is the convergence of BenQ and Siemens. BenQ has invested Siemens over six billion (EUR). But at the end of the investment, BenQ has announced the cessation of all investment for Siemens. Due to the unmatched business line and corporate culture, BenQ, without possessing proper knowledge and ability of merger, has made a big lost on these investment, leading an decrease of both BenQ and Siemens brand value. Another disadvantage of branding is its high legal cost. From the virtual to real, ideal to design, and picture to imageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦so on, the intellectual right are everywhere, even though it is only a sentence, all associated with legal cost. As Onkvisit and Shaw (2001), said that a brilliant brand name is useless, unless it is legally protected. For brand, the slogan, logo, even the design, these all are the part of brand value. If someone copies it without permission, or in a illegal way to make money, then the legal cost has appeared. Business would lost a huge amount of income , because of the illegal product had appeared in the trade market. Normally, the illegal products are far cheaper than the genuine ones, because they dont have any RD cost. So in the trade market, lower priced pirate products usually are more popular among consumers. For example, computer software is easily to copy. The biggest victim is Microsoft Windows systems. Their brand income are lost almost mo re than ten billion per year. Nevertheless, while the brand doing business activities, marketing cost and product cost are two things that they have to considerate. It might be the disadvantage, because from the beginning, the company is just set up, they had to spent some cost on promotion and launches some advertisement to increase their branding image and attract new customers. Every manufacture produce their product, not only original cost, but also involve labor cost, transfer cost, official costà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦so on, these cost are all their necessary manufacture cost. Extra funds need to be raised for marketing and branding, which causes more pressure to companies who are already heavily concerned with manufacturing cost. Conclusion: Finally, to brand or no to brand is the first question of the new company which is just set up. No matter which way the company has chosen, it may have effected of company. To branding, the manufacturer would face some problems to deal with. For example, they have to think a advertise to promote their brand at the beginning. Then they have to do some strategies to compete with their competitors. They need to render benefit to customers, therefore they could receive some brand royalty of customer. Another way for company to increase its brand value is to purchase other company. First of all, they might need to take the culture into consideration. Secondly, they might concern whether company can take the high-risk in investment or not. Thirdly, they might think of the marketing cost and product cost. However, the most important thing is the legal cost, it might plays an important role of the branding, because the value of the whole business lost, have influenced the enterprise lot. The cost of illegal product might influence the companys income, the brand value and even brand image. Customer might prefer lower price of product of high quality. In addition, if the organization could offer higher quality of service and same quality of quantity, customers would still be loyalty of the brand. Words : 1534.